In the 12 century BC, the mound was the site of a Phrygian fortress.
Sources:
- Ankuwa, in: Bryce T., The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia, Routledge 2013, p. 45-46.
- Maciej Popko: Zippalanda and Ankuwa once more. Journal of the American Oriental Society 120/3, 2000, p. 445-448.
- Ankuwa in: Gojko Barjamovic, A Historical Geography of Anatolia in the Old Assyrian Colony Period, Museum Tusculanum Press, 2011, p.312nn
- Baptiste Vergnaud, A Phrygian Identity in Fortifications?, in: Soma 2012, Identity and Connectivity Proceedings of the 16th Symposium on Mediterranean Archaeology, Florence, Italy, 1–3 March 2012, BAR international series, 2581., Oxford, Archaeopress, 2013, p. 233-241