Tell Billa was the site of the Ur III period (ca 2100 BC) city Šimānum
See:
- Edward Lipiński, The Aramaeans: Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion, Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 100, Peeters Publishers & Booksellers 2000, p. 45
- Roaf, Michael, and Robert Killick. “A Mysterious Affair of Styles: The Ninevite 5 Pottery of Northern Mesopotamia.” Iraq, vol. 49, 1987, pp. 199–230. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/4200273. Accessed 19 Feb. 2026.
- Layard A H, "Nineveh and its Remains: with an account of a visit to the Chaldean Christians of Kurdistan, and the Yezidis, or devil worshipers; and an inquiry into the manners and arts of the ancient Assyrians", John Murray, London, vol. 1, 1849