Gavurkalesi monument is located 60 km south-west of Ankara. Gavurkale - the castle of the infidel. The precinct is surrounded by ruined cyclopean walls. The rock relief probably dates to the Hittite Empire period, to the XIII century BC. It relief portrays two more than life-size mail gods figures facing at seated goddess. Both gods carry swords in their belts and both have pointed hats, and shoes with toes curled-up. The title of one of the gods is adorned with three horns, two in front and one rear. The second one god has only all three horns in front of his head. The chamber built of stone could be a ‘stone-house’ tomb and a mortuary ḫekur (rock sanctuary).
Gavurkale was excavated by Von der Osten in 1930.
- http://www.hittitemonuments.com/gavurkale/
- John David Hawkins, Hittite Monuments and Their Sanctity, in: Sacred Landscapes of Hittites and Luwians: Proceedings of the International Conference in Honour of Franca Pecchioli Daddi Florence, February 6th-8th 2014, p. 2
- Hartmut Kühne,“Gavur Kalesi, ein Ort der Ahnenverehrung?” In: Kulturgeschichten: Altorientalische Studien für Volkert Haas zum 65. Geburtstag, edited by Thomas Richter, Doris Prechel, and Jörg Klinger, Saarbrücker Verlag und Druckerei. 2001, 227-243
- Charles Burney, Historical Dictionary of the Hittites, Scarecrow Press 2004, sv.Gavurkalesi
- James G. Macqueen, The Hittites: And Their Contemporaries in Asia Minor, rev. eds., London, Thames and Hudson 1986, pp. 24-25
- Kay Kohlmeyer, Felsbilder der hethitischen Grossreichzeit, Berlin 1983
- Hans Hennig von der Osten, discoveries in Anatolia 1930-1931 in: Oriental Institute Communications 14, 1933, pp. 56-90, (Gavur-kalesi)
- Hans Gustav Güterbock, K Aslihan Yener; Harry A Hoffner; Simrit Dhesi: Recent Developments in Hittite Archaeology and History: Papers in Memory of Hans G. Güterbock, Eisenbrauns, 2002, pp. 213-226