Fortified pass in Greece, site of several battles.
- 500 BCE: Thessalian invaders defeat Phocian defenders
- 480 BCE: Persian invaders defeat a coalition of Greek city states (this is the most famous battle)
- 353 BCE: Athenians defenders defeat Macedonians
- 323 BCE: Coaliton of Greek city states wards off Macedonian forces
- 279 BCE: Celtic invaders defeat a Greek army
- 191 BCE: Roman army defeats Seleucid army
- 146 BCE: Roman invaders defeat Greek defenders; end of Greek independence
- 254 CE: Roman defenders ward of Gothic invaders
- 447 CE: Attila defeated by unidentified defenders
- 517 CE: An unidentified enemy defeated by an unidentified defender