Sippar-Jalhrurum - Sippar of Shamash, an ancient Near Eastern originally Sumerian and later Babylonian city on the east bank of the Euphrates river, on the alluvial floodplain of Mesopotamia which placed the city in a key position. The city was divided into two parts. One of which was under the protection of the sun-god Utu of Sippar (Shamash in Akkadian), and the other under the goddess, Anunit. In the Old Testament Sippar is known as Sepharvaim.
Inspite of thousands of cuneiform clay tablets unearthed at the site, little is known about the city before 1174 BC, when it was captured by the Elamite king Kutir-Nahhunte. The city recovered and second time captured by the Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser I (r. 1115–1077 BC). King Nabu-apla-iddina (c. 880 BC) rebuilt great Shamash Temple in Sippar and documented that while digging in the ruins he found the ancient statue of the god, and he recorded himself and Shamash on a stone memorial tablet. King Nabopolassar discovered the same tablet when he restored the temple in the late 7th century BC. (The tablet is present in the British Museum no. 90922 )
See:.
- Rivkah Harris, Ancient Sippar: A Demographic Study of an Old-Babylonian City (1894-1595 B.c.). Leiden: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul, 1975 -file:///C:/Users/user/AppData/Local/Temp/PIHANS036.pdf
- Anne Goddeeris, Economy and Society in Northern Babylonia in the Early Old Babylonian Period (ca. 2000-1800 BC), Peeters Publishers, 2002, p. 33
- https://www.britannica.com/place/Sippar
- https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1883-0120-1
- https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsMiddEast/MesopotamiaSumer.htm