The Ramesside fortress at Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham - ‘The Town (dmi) of Usermaatre-Setepenre’ was discovered in 1948 and since then years was sporadically examined by Alan Rowe and Labib Habachi. In 1994 the real excavations have been undertaken at the site by the University of Liverpool team under the direction of Steven Snape.
See:
- Labib Habachi: The Military Posts of Ramesses II on the Coastal Road and the Western Part of the Delta. In: Bulletin de l'Institut français d'archéologie Orientale. (BIFAO). Vol. 80, 1980, pp. 13–30
- Steven R. Snape: Walls, Wells and Wandering Merchants: Egyptian Control of the Marmarica in the Late Bronze Age. In: C. J. Eyre (Eds.): Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists. Cambridge, 3 – 9 September 1995 (= Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta. Vol. 82, Leuven 1998, pp. 1081–1084.
- idem: ‘The Emergence of Libya on the Horizon of Egypt’, in S. Quirke (ed.), Mysterious Lands, London, 2003, pp. 93-106
- idem: The excavations of the Liverpool University Mission to Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham 1994–2001. In: Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Egypte. (ASAE). Bd. 78, 2004, pp. 149-160
- idem: 'Vor der Kaserne: External Supply and Self-Sufficiency at Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham’ in M. Bietak, E. Czerny, I. Forstner-Müller (eds) Proceedings of the Conference on Cities and Urbanism in Ancient Egypt, Vienna 2006, Vienna 2010
- idem: A Stroll along the Corniche? Coastal Routes between the Nile Delta and Cyrenaica in the Late Bronze Age’ in H. Riemer and F. Forster (eds). Desert Road Archaeology in the Eastern Sahara, Cologne 2013
- ‘Of Ostrich-Eggs and Kings: the Topos and Mimesis of International Relationships in the Late Bronze Age’, in B. Finlayson (ed) Shifting Boundaries (Institute for Inter-Faith Studies, Amman) 2013
- idem et Penelope Wilson: Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham I: The Temple and Chapels. Rutherford Press, Bolton 2007.
- https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/archaeology-classics-and-egyptology/research/projects/zawiyet/